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What Does Usb Micro Data Cable Look Like

Written By Friday, May 13, 2022 Add Comment Edit

Communication connector using the USB protocol

This article is about the physical and electrical aspects of USB connectors. For the standard in full general, run into USB.

Various USB connectors forth a centimeter ruler for scale. From left to right:

  1. Micro-B plug
  2. eight-pin Mini-B plug, a proprietary connector used on many older Japanese cameras for both USB and analog AV output (This strongly resembles the viii-pivot Micro-B plug which often has only 5 pin positions occupied.)
  3. Mini-B plug
  4. Blazon-A receptacle (inverted, so the contacts are visible)
  5. Type-A plug
  6. Type-B plug

The initial versions of the USB standard specified connectors that were like shooting fish in a barrel to use and that would have acceptable life spans; revisions of the standard added smaller connectors useful for compact portable devices. College-speed evolution of the USB standard gave rise to another family unit of connectors to permit additional data paths. All versions of USB specify cable backdrop; version iii.10 cables include additional information paths. The USB standard included ability supply to peripheral devices; modernistic versions of the standard extend the ability commitment limits for battery charging and devices requiring up to 100 watts. USB has been selected as the standard charging format for many mobile phones, reducing the proliferation of proprietary chargers.

Connectors [edit]

Comparing of USB connector plugs, excluding USB-C blazon plugs

The three sizes of USB connectors are the default or standard format intended for desktop or portable equipment, the mini intended for mobile equipment, which was deprecated when it was replaced by the thinner micro size, all of which were deprecated with the release of Type-C. There are five speeds for USB data transfer: Low Speed, Total Speed, Loftier Speed (from version 2.0 of the specification), SuperSpeed (from version 3.0), and SuperSpeed+ (from version 3.1). The modes take differing hardware and cabling requirements. USB devices accept some choice of implemented modes, and USB version is not a reliable statement of implemented modes. Modes are identified past their names and icons, and the specification suggests that plugs and receptacles be colour-coded (SuperSpeed is identified by blue).

Unlike other information buses (such as Ethernet), USB connections are directed; a host device has "downstream" facing ports that connect to the "upstream" facing ports of devices. Only downstream facing ports provide power; this topology was chosen to easily prevent electrical overloads and damaged equipment. Thus, USB cables take different ends: A and B, with unlike physical connectors for each. Each format has a plug and receptacle divers for each of the A and B ends. A USB cable, by definition, has a plug on each stop—i A (or C) and one B (or C)—and the respective receptacle is usually on a computer or electronic device. The mini and micro formats may connect to an AB receptacle, which accepts either an A or a B plug, that plug determining the behavior of the receptacle.

Connector properties [edit]

USB extension cable, plug on the left, receptacle (nonstandard, receptacles normally non allowed on cables) on the right

The connectors the USB committee specifies back up a number of USB'southward underlying goals, and reverberate lessons learned from the many connectors the computer industry has used. The connector mounted on the host or device is called the receptacle, and the connector attached to the cable is called the plug.[1] The official USB specification documents as well periodically define the term male person to represent the plug, and female person to stand for the receptacle, those these uses are inconsistent with established definitions of connector gender.[ii]

By pattern, it is difficult to insert a USB plug into its receptacle incorrectly. The USB specification requires that the cable plug and receptacle be marked so the user tin recognize the proper orientation.[i] The USB-C plug notwithstanding is reversible. USB cables and small-scale USB devices are held in identify by the gripping strength from the receptacle, with no screws, clips, or thumb-turns every bit other connectors use.

The different A and B plugs forestall accidentally connecting two power sources. Withal, some of this directed topology is lost with the advent of multi-purpose USB connections (such as USB On-The-Go in smartphones, and USB-powered Wi-Fi routers), which require A-to-A, B-to-B, and sometimes Y/splitter cables. See the USB On-The-Go connectors section below for a more than detailed summary description.

In that location are so-chosen cables with A plugs on both ends, which may be valid if the "cable" includes, for example, a USB host-to-host transfer device with two ports.[iii] This is, by definition, a device with two logical B ports, each with a captive cable, non a cable with two A ends.

Durability [edit]

The standard connectors were designed to exist more robust than many past connectors. This is because USB is hot-swappable, and the connectors would exist used more frequently, and perhaps with less care, than previous connectors.

Standard USB has a minimum rated lifetime of 1,500 cycles of insertion and removal,[4] the mini-USB receptacle increases this to 5,000 cycles,[iv] and the newer Micro-USB[4] and USB-C receptacles are both designed for a minimum rated lifetime of x,000 cycles of insertion and removal.[5] To accomplish this, a locking device was added and the foliage-leap was moved from the jack to the plug, so that the about-stressed role is on the cable side of the connection. This change was made so that the connector on the less expensive cable would acquit the most wear.[half-dozen] [4]

In standard USB, the electrical contacts in a USB connector are protected by an next plastic natural language, and the entire connecting assembly is commonly protected by an enclosing metallic shell.[4]

The trounce on the plug makes contact with the receptacle before whatsoever of the internal pins. The beat out is typically grounded, to misemploy static electricity and to shield the wires within the connector.

Compatibility [edit]

The USB standard specifies tolerances for compliant USB connectors to minimize concrete incompatibilities in connectors from different vendors. The USB specification also defines limits to the size of a connecting device in the surface area around its plug, so that adjacent ports are non blocked. Compliant devices must either fit within the size restrictions or support a compliant extension cable that does.

Pinouts [edit]

USB 2.0 uses two wires for power (VPassenger vehicle and GND), and two for differential serial data signals. Mini and micro connectors accept their GND connections moved from pin #iv to pin #5, while their pin #4 serves as an ID pin for the On-The-Go host/client identification.[seven]

USB 3.0 provides two additional differential pairs (four wires, SSTx+, SSTx−, SSRx+ and SSRx−), providing full-duplex data transfers at SuperSpeed, which makes it similar to Serial ATA or single-lane PCI Express.

Standard, Mini-, and Micro-USB plugs shown end-on, not to calibration. Calorie-free areas represent cavities. The plugs are pictured with USB logo to the height.[8]

Micro-B SuperSpeed plug

  1. Ability (VBUS, 5 V)
  2. Information− (D−)
  3. Data+ (D+)
  4. ID (On-The-Get)
  5. GND
  6. SuperSpeed transmit− (SSTx−)
  7. SuperSpeed transmit+ (SSTx+)
  8. GND
  9. SuperSpeed receive− (SSRx−)
  10. SuperSpeed receive+ (SSRx+)
Blazon-A and -B pinout
Pin Name Wire color[a] Clarification
ane 5Motorbus Red or Orange +5 5
2 D− White or Gold Data−
3 D+ Dark-green Information+
4 GND Black or Bluish Ground
Mini/Micro-A and -B pinout
Pivot Name Wire color[a] Description
one VDouble-decker Red +5 V
2 D− White Information−
3 D+ Dark-green Data+
4 ID No wire On-The-Get ID distinguishes cable ends:
  • "A" plug (host): connected to GND
  • "B" plug (device): not connected
5 GND Black Signal footing
  1. ^ a b In some sources D+ and D− are erroneously swapped.

Colors [edit]

A yellow charge-only USB port on a front panel USB iii.0 switch with card reader

A blue Standard-A USB connector on a Sagemcom F@ST 3864OP ADSL modem router without USB 3.0 contacts fitted

Usual USB colour-coding
Color Location Description
Blackness or white Ports and plugs Blazon-A or type-B
Blue (Pantone 300C) Ports and plugs Type-A or type-B, SuperSpeed
Teal blueish Ports and plugs Type-A or type-B, SuperSpeed+
Green Ports and plugs Type-A or type-B, Qualcomm Quick Charge (QC)[9]
Purple Plugs only Type-A or USB-C, Huawei SuperCharge
Yellowish or red Ports only High-current or slumber-and-charge
Orangish Ports only High-memory connector, mostly used on industrial hardware

USB ports and connectors are often color-coded to distinguish their different functions and USB versions. These colors are non function of the USB specification and can vary between manufacturers; for case, USB three.0 specification mandates advisable color-coding while information technology only recommends blue inserts for standard-A USB iii.0 connectors and plugs.[10]

Connector types [edit]

USB connector types multiplied as the specification progressed. The original USB specification detailed standard-A and standard-B plugs and receptacles. The connectors were different and so that users could not connect i computer receptacle to another. The data pins in the standard plugs are recessed compared to the power pins so that the device can power up before establishing a data connection. Some devices operate in different modes depending on whether the data connection is made. Charging docks supply power and do non include a host device or data pins, assuasive any capable USB device to accuse or operate from a standard USB cablevision. Charging cables provide power connections, only not data. In a charge-only cablevision, the data wires are shorted at the device end, otherwise, the device may refuse the charger as unsuitable.

Standard connectors [edit]

Pin configuration of blazon-A and blazon-B plugs viewed end-on

  • The type-A plug. This plug has an elongated rectangular cross-section, inserts into a type-A receptacle on a downstream port on a USB host or hub, and carries both power and data. Convict cables on USB devices, such as keyboards or mice, finish with a type-A plug.
  • The type-B plug: This plug has a most square cross-section with the top exterior corners askew. As part of a removable cable, it inserts into an upstream port on a device, such as a printer. On some devices, the type-B receptacle has no data connections, beingness used solely for accepting power from the upstream device. This 2-connector-type scheme (A/B) prevents a user from accidentally creating a loop.[11] [12]

The maximum immune cantankerous-section of the overmold kicking (which is part of the connector used for its treatment) is 16 by 8 mm (0.63 by 0.31 in) for the standard-A plug type, while for the type-B information technology is 11.5 by 10.v mm (0.45 by 0.41 in).[2]

Mini connectors [edit]

Mini-A (left) and Mini-B (right) plugs

Mini-USB connectors were introduced together with USB two.0 in Apr 2000, for use with smaller devices such every bit digital cameras, smartphones, and tablet computers. The Mini-A connector and the Mini-AB receptacle connector have been deprecated since May 2007.[13] Mini-B connectors are still supported, but are not On-The-Get-compliant;[14] the Mini-B USB connector was standard for transferring data to and from the early smartphones and PDAs. Both Mini-A and Mini-B plugs are approximately 3 past 7 mm (0.12 past 0.28 in).

Micro connectors [edit]

Micro-A plug

Micro-B plug

Micro-USB connectors, which were announced past the USB-IF on four January 2007,[15] [sixteen] have a similar width to Mini-USB, only approximately half the thickness, enabling their integration into thinner portable devices. The Micro-A connector is 6.85 by 1.8 mm (0.270 by 0.071 in) with a maximum overmold boot size of 11.vii past 8.5 mm (0.46 by 0.33 in), while the Micro-B connector is half dozen.85 by 1.viii mm (0.270 by 0.071 in) with a maximum overmold size of ten.half-dozen by 8.5 mm (0.42 by 0.33 in).[8]

The thinner Micro-USB connectors were intended to replace the Mini connectors in devices manufactured since May 2007, including smartphones, personal digital administration, and cameras.[17]

The Micro plug blueprint is rated for at least 10,000 connect-disconnect cycles, which is more than the Mini plug design.[xv] [18] The Micro connector is besides designed to reduce the mechanical wear on the device; instead, the easier-to-replace cablevision is designed to bear the mechanical clothing of connectedness and disconnection. The Universal Series Omnibus Micro-USB Cables and Connectors Specification details the mechanical characteristics of Micro-A plugs, Micro-AB receptacles (which take both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs), Double-Sided Micro USB, and Micro-B plugs and receptacles,[18] along with a Standard-A receptacle to a Micro-A plug adapter.

OMTP standard [edit]

Micro-USB was endorsed as the standard connector for data and power on mobile devices by the cellular phone carrier group Open Mobile Terminal Platform (OMTP) in 2007.[19]

Micro-USB was embraced equally the "Universal Charging Solution" past the International Telecommunication Wedlock (ITU) in October 2009.[twenty]

In Europe, micro-USB became the defined common external ability supply (EPS) for use with smartphones sold in the European union,[21] and 14 of the earth'due south largest mobile phone manufacturers signed the EU'south common EPS Memorandum of Understanding (MoU).[22] [23] Apple, i of the original MoU signers, makes Micro-USB adapters available—as permitted in the Mutual EPS MoU—for its iPhones equipped with Apple'due south proprietary 30-pin dock connector or (later) Lightning connector.[24] [25] according to the CEN, CENELEC, and ETSI.

USB 3.ten connectors and astern compatibility [edit]

USB 3.0 Micro-B SuperSpeed plug

USB iii.0 introduced Type-A SuperSpeed plugs and receptacles as well as micro-sized Blazon-B SuperSpeed plugs and receptacles. The 3.0 receptacles are backward-compatible with the corresponding pre-3.0 plugs.

USB three.x and USB 1.ten Type-A plugs and receptacles are designed to interoperate. To accomplish USB three.0'due south SuperSpeed (and SuperSpeed+ for USB 3.1 Gen 2), 5 extra pins are added to the unused surface area of the original 4 pin USB 1.0 design, making USB 3.0 Type-A plugs and receptacles backward compatible to those of USB i.0.

On the device side, a modified Micro-B plug (Micro-B SuperSpeed) is used to cater for the v boosted pins required to achieve the USB 3.0 features (USB-C plug can besides be used). The USB 3.0 Micro-B plug finer consists of a standard USB two.0 Micro-B cablevision plug, with an additional v pins plug "stacked" to the side of it. In this fashion, cables with smaller five pin USB two.0 Micro-B plugs tin be plugged into devices with 10 contact USB three.0 Micro-B receptacles and achieve backward compatibility.

USB cables exist with various combinations of plugs on each stop of the cable, equally displayed below in the USB cables matrix.

USB 3.0 B type plug

USB On-The-Go connectors [edit]

USB On-The-Go (OTG) introduces the concept of a device performing both master and slave roles. All electric current OTG devices are required to take i, and only one, USB connector: a Micro-AB receptacle. (In the past, before the development of Micro-USB, On-The-Go devices used Mini-AB receptacles).

The Micro-AB receptacle is capable of accepting both Micro-A and Micro-B plugs, attached to any of the legal cables and adapters as defined in revision ane.01 of the Micro-USB specification.

To enable Type-AB receptacles to distinguish which stop of a cable is plugged in, plugs have an "ID" pin in addition to the four contacts in standard-size USB connectors. This ID pin is connected to GND in Type-A plugs, and left unconnected in Type-B plugs. Typically, a pull-up resistor in the device is used to observe the presence or absenteeism of an ID connection.

The OTG device with the A-plug inserted is called the A-device and is responsible for powering the USB interface when required, and by default assumes the role of host. The OTG device with the B-plug inserted is chosen the B-device and by default assumes the office of peripheral. An OTG device with no plug inserted defaults to acting as a B-device. If an awarding on the B-device requires the role of host, and so the Host Negotiation Protocol (HNP) is used to temporarily transfer the host role to the B-device.

OTG devices attached either to a peripheral-only B-device or a standard/embedded host have their role fixed past the cable, since in these scenarios information technology is only possible to adhere the cable one manner.[ commendation needed ]

USB-C [edit]

USB cable with a USB-C plug and a USB-C port on a laptop

Developed at roughly the same fourth dimension every bit the USB 3.1 specification, but distinct from it, the USB-C Specification 1.0 was finalized in August 2014[26] and defines a new small reversible-plug connector for USB devices.[27] The USB-C plug connects to both hosts and devices, replacing diverse Blazon-A and Blazon-B connectors and cables with a standard meant to exist future-proof.[26] [28]

The 24-pin double-sided connector provides 4 power–basis pairs, two differential pairs for USB 2.0 data (though only one pair is implemented in a USB-C cable), 4 pairs for SuperSpeed data bus (simply two pairs are used in USB 3.1 mode), two "sideband utilize" pins, 5CONN +five V power for active cables, and a configuration pivot for cable orientation detection and dedicated biphase mark code (BMC) configuration data aqueduct.[29] [30] Blazon-A and Type-B adaptors and cables are required for older hosts and devices to plug into USB-C hosts and devices. Adapters and cables with a USB-C receptacle are not allowed.[31]

Total-featured USB-C 3.1 cables are electronically marked cables that comprise a full set of wires and a chip with an ID role based on the configuration data channel and vendor-defined messages (VDMs) from the USB Ability Delivery 2.0 specification. USB-C devices also support power currents of 1.5 A and iii.0 A over the five V power omnibus in addition to baseline 900 mA; devices can either negotiate increased USB current through the configuration line or they can support the full Power Delivery specification using both BMC-coded configuration line and legacy BFSK-coded FiveCharabanc line.[ citation needed ]

Host and device interface receptacles [edit]

USB plugs fit one receptacle with notable exceptions for USB On-The-Get "AB" support and the general backward compatibility of USB 3.0 as shown.

USB connector mating table (images not to calibration)

Plug

Receptacle

 USB A
USB Type-A.svg 		USB 3.0 A SS
USB 3.0 Type-A blue.svg 		USB B
USB Type-B.svg 		USB 3.0 B SS
USB 3.0 Type-B blue.svg 		USB Mini-A
USB Mini-A.svg 		USB Mini-B
USB Mini-B.svg 		USB Micro-A1
USB Micro-A.svg 		USB Micro-B
USB Micro-B.svg 		USB three.0 Micro-B
USB 3.0 Micro-B.svg 		USB-C

USB Type-C plug pinout.svg

USB A
USB Type-A receptacle.svg 		Yes Simply non-
SuperSpeed 		No No No No No No No No
USB 3.0 A SS
USB 3.0 Type-A receptacle blue.svg 		Merely non-
SuperSpeed 		Yes No No No No No No No No
USB B
USB Type-B receptacle.svg 		No No Yes No No No No No No No
USB iii.0 B SS
USB 3.0 Type-B receptacle blue.svg 		No No Merely non-
SuperSpeed 		Yeah No No No No No No
USB Mini-A
USB Mini-A receptacle.svg 		No No No No Deprecated No No No No No
USB Mini-AB
USB Mini-AB receptacle.svg 		No No No No Deprecated Deprecated No No No No
USB Mini-B
USB Mini-B receptacle.svg 		No No No No No Aye No No No No
USB Micro-AB
USB Micro-AB receptacle.svg 		No No No No No No Yeah Yes No No
USB Micro-B
USB Micro-B receptacle.svg 		No No No No No No No Yes No No
USB 3.0 Micro-B SS
USB 3.0 Micro-B receptacle.svg 		No No No No No No No Only not-
SuperSpeed 		Yes No
USB-C

USB Type-C Receptacle Pinout.svg

No No No No No No No No No Yep
^1 No corresponding Micro-A receptacle was ever designed.
USB cables table
Plugs, each terminate USB A
USB Type-A.svg 		USB Mini-A
USB Mini-A.svg 		USB Micro-A
USB Micro-A.svg 		USB B
USB Type-B.svg 		USB Mini-B
USB Mini-B.svg 		USB Micro-B
USB Micro-B.svg 		USB 3.0 Micro-B
USB 3.0 Micro-B.svg 		USB-C

USB Type-C plug pinout.svg

USB A
USB Type-A.svg 		Proprietary,
chancy 		Proprietary,
hazardous 		Proprietary,
chancy 		Yes Yes Aye Yes Yes
USB Mini-A
USB Mini-A.svg 		No No Deprecated Deprecated Non-
standard 		No No
USB Micro-A
USB Micro-A.svg 		No Non-
standard 		Non-
standard 		Aye No No
USB B
USB Type-B.svg 		No No No No Yep
USB Mini-B
USB Mini-B.svg 		OTG not-
standard 		OTG non-
standard 		No Yes
USB Micro-B
USB Micro-B.svg 		OTG non-
standard 		No Yes
USB 3.0 Micro-B
USB 3.0 Micro-B.svg 		OTG non-
standard 		Yep
USB-C

USB Type-C Receptacle Pinout.svg

Aye
Proprietary, hazardous
Existing for specific proprietary purposes, not inter-operable with USB-IF compliant equipment and peradventure damaging to both devices when plugged in. In addition to the above cablevision assemblies comprising two plugs, an "adapter" cablevision with a Micro-A plug and a standard-A receptacle is compliant with USB specifications.[8] Other combinations of connectors are non compliant.In that location do exist A-to-A assemblies, referred to every bit cables (such every bit the Like shooting fish in a barrel Transfer Cable); however, these have a pair of USB devices in the eye, making them more than just cables.
Not-standard
The USB standards do non exhaustively list all combinations with one A-type and one B-type connector, however, most such cables accept good chances of working.
OTG non-standard
Commonly available "OTG" cables that address widespread misuse of Micro-B and Mini-B receptacles for OTG devices, e.g. smartphones (every bit opposed to Micro-AB and Mini-AB, which accept either plug.) While not compliant with the USB standards, these cables at least do not provide a device damage hazard since B-blazon ports on devices are unpowered by default.[32]
Deprecated
Some older devices and cables with Mini-A connectors accept been certified by USB-IF. The Mini-A connector is obsolete: no new Mini-A connectors and neither Mini-A nor Mini-AB receptacles volition be certified.[13]Notation: Mini-B is not deprecated, although information technology is less and less used since the arrival of Micro-B. Micro-B is non the same every bit USB type B. Micro-B has one more wire than USB type B.

Proprietary connectors and formats [edit]

Manufacturers of personal electronic devices might non include a USB standard connector on their product for technical or marketing reasons.[33] Some manufacturers such as Apple provide proprietary cables that permit their devices to physically connect to a USB standard port. Total functionality of proprietary ports and cables with USB standard ports is not bodacious; for case, some devices only utilize the USB connection for battery charging and do not implement whatever data transfer functions.[34]

Cabling [edit]

A USB twisted pair, in which the Data+ and Data− conductors are twisted together in a double helix. The wires are enclosed in a further layer of shielding.

The D± signals used by low, full, and high speed are carried over a twisted pair (typically unshielded) to reduce noise and crosstalk. SuperSpeed uses separate transmit and receive differential pairs, which additionally require shielding (typically, shielded twisted pair but twinax is also mentioned by the specification). Thus, to support SuperSpeed data transmission, cables incorporate twice as many wires and are thus larger in diameter.[35]

The USB 1.ane standard specifies that a standard cable can take a maximum length of v meters (16 ft five in) with devices operating at full speed (12 Mbit/s), and a maximum length of iii meters (9 ft ten in) with devices operating at low speed (1.five Mbit/s).[36] [37] [38]

USB ii.0 provides for a maximum cable length of five meters (16 ft 5 in) for devices running at loftier speed (480 Mbit/southward). The master reason for this limit is the maximum allowed circular-trip filibuster of nigh one.v μs. If USB host commands are unanswered by the USB device within the immune time, the host considers the command lost. When calculation USB device response time, delays from the maximum number of hubs added to the delays from connecting cables, the maximum acceptable filibuster per cable amounts to 26 ns.[39] The USB 2.0 specification requires that cablevision delay exist less than 5.2 ns/m (1.six ns/ft), ( 192000 km/south)—which is close to the maximum achievable transmission speed for standard copper wire.

The USB 3.0 standard does not directly specify a maximum cablevision length, requiring merely that all cables meet an electrical specification: for copper cabling with AWG 26 wires the maximum practical length is 3 meters (9 ft 10 in).[twoscore]

Power [edit]

Upstream USB connectors supply power at a nominal 5 V DC via the V_BUS pin to downstream USB devices.

Voltage tolerance and limits [edit]

Worst-case voltage drop topology of a USB ii.0 host to depression-power device concatenation, at steady state

The tolerance on V_BUS at an upstream (or host) connector was originally ±5% (ie. could lie anywhere in the range 4.75 V to v.25 Five). With the release of the USB Type-C specification in 2014 and its 3 A ability capability, the USB-IF elected to increase the upper voltage limit to v.5 V to combat voltage droop at higher currents.[41] The USB 2.0 specification (and therefore implicitly also the USB 3.x specifications) was likewise updated to reverberate this change at that time.[42] A number of extensions to the USB Specifications have progressively farther increased the maximum commanded V_BUS voltage: starting with 6.0V with USB BC 1.2,[43] to 21.five V with USB PD 2.0[44] and 50.nine V with USB PD iii.1,[44] while still maintaining backwards compatibility with USB 2.0 by requiring various forms of handshake before increasing the nominal voltage above 5 V.

USB PD continues the use of the bilateral 5% tolerance, with allowable voltages of PDO ±5% ±0.5 V (eg. for a PDO of 9.0 V, the maximum and minimum limits are 9.95 V and 8.05 5, respectively).[44]

There are several minimum commanded voltages defined at different locations within a chain of connectors, hubs, and cables between an upstream host (providing the power) and a downstream device (consuming the ability). To allow for voltage drops, the voltage at the host port, hub port, and device are specified to exist at least 4.75 5, 4.4 V, and 4.35 V respectively by USB ii.0 for low-power devices[a], but must be at to the lowest degree 4.75 Five at all locations for high-power[b] devices (however, high-ability devices are required to operate as a low-powered device so that they may be detected and enumerated if connected to a low-power upstream port). The USB 3.10 specifications require that all devices must operate downwardly to 4.00 V at the device port.

Different USB 2.0 and USB 3.2, USB4 does not ascertain its ain VBUS-based power model. Power for USB4 operation is established and managed equally divers in the USB Type-C Specification and the USB PD Specification.

  1. ^ Low-power devices are those which draw less than 1 unit load. 1 unit load is 100 mA for USB 2.0
  2. ^ Loftier-power devices in USB 2.0 are those draw more than than ane unit load (up to a maximum of 5 unit of measurement loads). one unit load is 100mA.

Worst-case voltage drop topology of a USB 3.ten host to device concatenation, at steady state. Notation that under transient conditions the supply at the device tin can momentarily drop from 4.0 V to 3.67 Five.

Allowable current draw [edit]

USB power standards
Specification Current Voltage Power (max.)
Low-ability device 100 mA 5 5 0.50 W
Depression-power SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device 150 mA 5 5 0.75 Due west
High-power device 500 mA[a] five V two.v W
Loftier-ability SuperSpeed (USB 3.0) device 900 mA[b] 5 V 4.5 West
Multi-lane SuperSpeed (USB 3.2 Gen x2) device 1.5 A[c] v 5 7.five Due west
Battery Charging (BC) 1.ii 1.5 A 5 V 7.5 W
USB-C 1.5 A 5 V 7.5 Westward
3 A 5 V fifteen Westward
Power Delivery 1.0/2.0/3.0 Type-C 5 A[d] 20 5 100 W
Power Delivery iii.1 Type-C v A[d] 48 V[east] 240 W
  1. ^ Up to v unit loads; with non-SuperSpeed devices, one unit load is 100 mA.
  2. ^ Up to vi unit loads; with SuperSpeed devices, i unit of measurement load is 150 mA.
  3. ^ Upward to 6 unit loads; with multi-lane devices, one unit of measurement load is 250 mA.
  4. ^ a b >iii A (>lx Due west) operation requires an electronically marked cable rated at five A.
  5. ^ >20 5 (>threescore W) operation requires an electronically marked Extended Power Range (EPR) cablevision.

The limit to device power draw is stated in terms of a unit load which is 100 mA for USB two.0, or 150 mA for SuperSpeed (ie USB 3.x) devices. Low-power devices may draw at most 1 unit load, and all devices must deed equally low-power devices earlier they are configured. A high-powered device must be configured, after which it may describe up to 5 unit loads (500 mA), or 6 unit of measurement loads (900 mA) for SuperSpeed devices, every bit specified in its configuration because the maximum power may not always be available from the upstream port.[45] [46] [47] [48]

A bus-powered hub is a high-ability device providing low-power ports. Information technology draws 1 unit load for the hub controller and 1 unit load for each of at most 4 ports. The hub may besides have some not-removable functions in place of ports. A self-powered hub is a device that provides high-power ports by supplementing the ability supply from the host with its ain external supply. Optionally, the hub controller may draw power for its operation every bit a depression-power device, just all high-power ports must describe from the hub'south self-power.

Where devices (for example, high-speed disk drives) require more power than a loftier-ability device can depict,[49] they part erratically, if at all, from bus ability of a single port. USB provides for these devices as being self-powered. However, such devices may come with a Y-shaped cablevision that has 2 USB plugs (1 for power and data, the other for only power), so as to draw power as 2 devices.[fifty] Such a cable is non-standard, with the USB compliance specification stating that "use of a 'Y' cable (a cable with two A-plugs) is prohibited on any USB peripheral", meaning that "if a USB peripheral requires more than power than allowed past the USB specification to which it is designed, then information technology must be self-powered."[51]

USB battery charging [edit]

USB Battery Charging (BC) defines a charging port, which may exist a charging downstream port (CDP), with data, or a dedicated charging port (DCP) without information. Dedicated charging ports can be plant on USB ability adapters to run attached devices and battery packs. Charging ports on a host with both kinds will exist labelled.[52]

The charging device identifies a charging port past non-information signaling on the D+ and D− terminals. A dedicated charging port places a resistance not exceeding 200 Ω across the D+ and D− terminals.[52] : § 1.4.7; table 5-3

Per the base specification, any device attached to a standard downstream port (SDP) must initially be a low-power device, with high-power mode contingent on later USB configuration by the host. Charging ports, however, can immediately supply betwixt 0.5 and 1.five A of electric current. The charging port must non use electric current limiting beneath 0.5 A, and must not shut downwards below 1.5 A or earlier the voltage drops to ii V.[52]

Since these currents are larger than in the original standard, the extra voltage drop in the cable reduces noise margins, causing problems with High Speed signaling. Bombardment Charging Specification i.1 specifies that charging devices must dynamically limit motorbus power electric current describe during High Speed signaling;[53] ane.2 specifies that charging devices and ports must exist designed to tolerate the higher ground voltage difference in High Speed signaling.

Revision 1.2 of the specification was released in 2010. It made several changes, and increased limits including allowing i.five A on charging downstream ports for unconfigured devices—allowing High Speed advice while having a current upward to 1.five A. Likewise, support was removed for charging port detection via resistive mechanisms.[54]

Before the Battery Charging Specification was divers, in that location was no standardized way for the portable device to enquire how much current was available. For case, Apple tree's iPod and iPhone chargers indicate the available current by voltages on the D− and D+ lines. When D+ = D− = two.0 V, the device may pull up to 900 mA. When D+ = two.0 V and D− = 2.8 V, the device may pull up to 1 A of current.[55] When D+ = ii.eight V and D− = 2.0 5, the device may pull upward to ii A of current.[56]

Accessory charging adaptors (ACA) [edit]

Portable devices having a USB On-The-Get port may desire to charge and access a USB peripheral simultaneously, yet having only a single port (both due to On-The-Get and space requirement) prevents this. Accompaniment charging adapters (ACA) are devices that provide portable charging ability to an On-The-Go connection between host and peripheral.

ACAs have three ports: the OTG port for the portable device, which is required to have a Micro-A plug on a captive cable; the accompaniment port, which is required to accept a Micro-AB or type-A receptacle; and the charging port, which is required to accept a Micro-B receptacle, or blazon-A plug or charger on a convict cable. The ID pin of the OTG port is not connected within plug as usual, but to the ACA itself, where signals outside the OTG floating and footing states are used for ACA detection and country signaling. The charging port does not pass data, but does utilize the D± signals for charging port detection. The accessory port acts as any other port. When accordingly signaled by the ACA, the portable device can charge from the double-decker power as if there were a charging port present; any OTG signals over jitney ability are instead passed to the portable device via the ID signal. Passenger vehicle ability is also provided to the accessory port from the charging port transparently.[52]

USB Power Delivery [edit]

The USB Type-C Charging logo (USB4 20Gbps port)

USB PD rev. 2.0/3.x source power rules
Source output
power rating (Due west) 		Current, at: (A)
+v V +ix 5 +xv V +twenty 5 +28 V[a] +36 V[a] +48 V[a]
Standard
Ability Range
(SPR)[58] [59] [60] 		0.5–xv 0.1–three.0 N/A N/A N/A N/A North/A North/A
15–27 3.0 (xv Due west) ane.67–3.0
27–45 three.0 (27 Due west) 1.8–3.0
45–60 iii.0 (45 W) 2.25–3.0
60–100 iii.0–5.0[b]
Extended
Power Range
(EPR)[60] 		100-140 iii.0 (60 Westward),
five.0 (100 Due west)[b] 		iii.57–5.0
140–180 5.0 (140 W) 3.89–5.0
180–240 5.0 (180 Due west) 3.75–5.0
  1. ^ a b c Requires electronically marked EPR cables
  2. ^ a b Requires electronically marked 5 A cables

Power rule of USB Power Commitment Revision iii.0, Version 1.2

In July 2012, the USB Promoters Group announced the finalization of the USB Power Delivery (USB-PD) specification (USB PD rev. 1), an extension that specifies using certified PD enlightened (USB A and USB B plugs have a mechanical marker while Micro plugs have a resistor or capacitor attached to the ID pin indicating the cable capability) USB cables with standard USB Blazon-A and Type-B connectors to deliver increased power (more than than seven.v West) to devices with greater power demands. Devices tin asking college currents and supply voltages from compliant hosts—upwards to two A at five V (for a power consumption of up to 10 W), and optionally up to 3 A or 5 A at either 12 5 (36 W or lx W) or xx Five (60 W or 100 Westward).[61] In all cases, both host-to-device and device-to-host configurations are supported.[62]

The intent is to permit uniformly charging laptops, tablets, USB-powered disks and similarly higher-power consumer electronics, as a natural extension of existing European and Chinese mobile telephone charging standards. This may also affect the way electrical power used for small devices is transmitted and used in both residential and public buildings.[63] [64] The standard is designed to coexist with the previous USB Bombardment Charging specification.[65]

The first Power Delivery specification defined vi fixed power profiles for the power sources. PD-aware devices implement a flexible power management scheme by interfacing with the ability source through a bidirectional data channel and requesting a certain level of electrical power, variable up to 5 A and 20 Five depending on supported profile. The power configuration protocol can use BMC coding over the CC wire if one is nowadays, or a 24 MHz BFSK-coded manual channel on the VBUS line.

The USB Power Commitment specification revision 2.0 (USB PD Rev. two.0) has been released as part of the USB iii.i suite.[58] [66] [67] It covers the USB-C cablevision and connector with a dissever configuration aqueduct, which now hosts a DC coupled low-frequency BMC-coded information channel that reduces the possibilities for RF interference.[68] Power Delivery protocols take been updated to facilitate USB-C features such as cablevision ID function, Alternate Mode negotiation, increased 5BUS currents, and VCONN-powered accessories.

As of USB Power Delivery specification revision ii.0, version i.2, the vi fixed power profiles for power sources have been deprecated.[69] USB PD Power Rules replace power profiles, defining four normative voltage levels at 5 Five, 9 5, fifteen V, and 20 Five. Instead of vi stock-still profiles, power supplies may support whatever maximum source output ability from 0.five W to 100 W.

The USB Power Delivery specification revision three.0 defines an optional Programmable Power Supply (PPS) protocol that allows granular control over VCoach power, allowing a range of iii.three to 21 5 in xx mV steps to facilitate constant-current or constant-voltage charging. Revision 3.0 also adds extended configuration messages and fast role swap and deprecates the BFSK protocol.[59] [seventy] [71]

Every bit of April 2016,[update] there are silicon controllers available from several sources such equally Texas Instruments and Cypress Semiconductor.[72] [73] Power supplies bundled with USB-C based laptops back up USB PD.[74] In addition accessories are available that back up USB PD Rev. 2.0 at multiple voltages.[75] [76] [77] [78]

The Certified USB Fast Charger logo for USB Type-C charging ports

On 8 Jan 2018 USB-IF announced "Certified USB Fast Charger" logo for chargers that use "Programmable Power Supply" (PPS) protocol from the USB Power Delivery 3.0 specification.[79]

In May 2021, the USB PD promoter grouping launched revision iii.1 of the specification.[threescore] Revision 3.1 adds Extended Ability Range (EPR) mode which allows higher voltages of 28, 36, and 48 V, providing up to 240 Westward of power (48 5 at v A), and the "Adjustable Voltage Supply" (AVS) protocol which allows specifying the voltage from a range of fifteen to 48 V in 100 mV steps.[80] [81] Higher voltages require electronically marked EPR cables that support 5 A operation and incorporate mechanical improvements required by the USB Type-C standard rev. 2.1; existing power modes are retroactively renamed Standard Power Range (SPR). In October 2021 Apple introduced a 140 W (28 5 5 A) GaN USB PD charger with new Macbooks.[82]

Prior to Power Delivery, mobile phone vendors used custom protocols to exceed the 7.5 W cap on USB-BCS. For example, Qualcomm's Quick Charge 2.0 is able to deliver 18 West at a higher voltage, and VOOC delivers xx Westward at the normal five V.[83] Some of these technologies, such as Quick Charge iv, eventually became compatible with USB PD again.[84]

Slumber-and-charge ports [edit]

A yellow USB port denoting slumber-and-accuse

Slumber-and-charge USB ports can be used to charge electronic devices even when the figurer that hosts the ports is switched off. Normally, when a estimator is powered off the USB ports are powered down. This feature has also been implemented on some laptop docking stations assuasive device charging even when no laptop is present.[85] On laptops, charging devices from the USB port when it is not being powered from AC drains the laptop bombardment; well-nigh laptops have a facility to stop charging if their own bombardment charge level gets besides low.[86]

On Dell, HP and Toshiba laptops, sleep-and-charge USB ports are marked with the standard USB symbol with an added lightning bolt or battery icon on the right side.[87] Dell calls this feature PowerShare,[88] and it needs to be enabled in the BIOS. Toshiba calls it USB Slumber-and-Charge.[89] On Acer Inc. and Packard Bell laptops, sleep-and-accuse USB ports are marked with a non-standard symbol (the letters USB over a drawing of a battery); the feature is called Power-off USB.[90] Lenovo calls this characteristic Always On USB.[91]

Mobile device charger standards [edit]

In China [edit]

Every bit of fourteen June 2007[update], all new mobile phones applying for a licence in Red china are required to utilise a USB port as a power port for battery charging.[92] [93] This was the get-go standard to utilize the convention of shorting D+ and D− in the charger.[94]

OMTP/GSMA Universal Charging Solution [edit]

In September 2007, the Open up Mobile Terminal Platform group (a forum of mobile network operators and manufacturers such every bit Nokia, Samsung, Motorola, Sony Ericsson, and LG) announced that its members had agreed on Micro-USB as the time to come mutual connector for mobile devices.[95] [96]

The GSM Clan (GSMA) followed suit on 17 February 2009,[97] [98] [99] [100] and on 22 April 2009, this was farther endorsed past the CTIA – The Wireless Association,[101] with the International Telecommunication Marriage (ITU) announcing on 22 October 2009 that information technology had also embraced the Universal Charging Solution as its "free energy-efficient one-charger-fits-all new mobile telephone solution," and added: "Based on the Micro-USB interface, UCS chargers will also include a 4-star or higher efficiency rating—up to three times more energy-efficient than an unrated charger."[102]

EU smartphone power supply standard [edit]

In June 2009, many of the globe's largest mobile phone manufacturers signed an EC-sponsored Memorandum of Understanding (MoU), agreeing to make almost information-enabled mobile phones marketed in the European union compatible with a common External Power Supply (mutual EPS). The EU's mutual EPS specification (EN 62684:2010) references the USB Battery Charging Specification and is similar to the GSMA/OMTP and Chinese charging solutions.[103] [104] In January 2011, the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) released its version of the (EU'southward) common EPS standard as IEC 62684:2011.[105] The European union and its members should adopt a resolution during 2022 for the global adoption of USB Type C chargers for all mobile products on the European market.[106]

Faster-charging standards [edit]

A diversity of (non-USB) standards support charging devices faster than the USB Battery Charging standard. When a device doesn't recognize the faster-charging standard, generally the device and the charger fall back to the USB battery-charging standard of 5 V at 1.five A (vii.v W). When a device detects information technology is plugged into a charger with a uniform faster-charging standard, the device pulls more current or the device tells the charger to increment the voltage or both to increase power (the details vary betwixt standards).[107]

Such standards include:[107]

  • Qualcomm Quick Charge (QC)
  • MediaTek Pump Express
  • Samsung Adaptive Fast Charging
  • Oppo Super VOOC Wink Charge, are also known equally Nuance Charge or Warp Charge on OnePlus devices and Dart Charge on Realme devices
  • Huawei SuperCharge
  • Anker PowerIQ

Non-standard devices [edit]

Some USB devices require more than ability than is permitted past the specifications for a single port. This is common for external difficult and optical disc drives, and mostly for devices with motors or lamps. Such devices can use an external ability supply, which is allowed by the standard, or apply a dual-input USB cable, i input of which is for power and data transfer, the other solely for power, which makes the device a non-standard USB device. Some USB ports and external hubs tin, in practise, supply more than power to USB devices than required past the specification merely a standard-compliant device may non depend on this.

In addition to limiting the total average power used by the device, the USB specification limits the inrush electric current (i.e., the electric current used to charge decoupling and filter capacitors) when the device is beginning connected. Otherwise, connecting a device could cause issues with the host'south internal power. USB devices are also required to automatically enter ultra low-power suspend mode when the USB host is suspended. Nonetheless, many USB host interfaces do not cutting off the power supply to USB devices when they are suspended.[108]

Some non-standard USB devices use the five V power supply without participating in a proper USB network, which negotiates power draw with the host interface. These are usually called USB decorations.[ citation needed ] Examples include USB-powered keyboard lights, fans, mug coolers and heaters, battery chargers, miniature vacuum cleaners, and even miniature lava lamps. In near cases, these items comprise no digital circuitry, and thus are not standard-compliant USB devices. This may cause problems with some computers, such as drawing too much current and damaging circuitry. Prior to the USB Bombardment Charging Specification, the USB specification required that devices connect in a depression-power mode (100 mA maximum) and communicate their electric current requirements to the host, which then permits the device to switch into high-ability style.

Some devices, when plugged into charging ports, draw fifty-fifty more than power (10 watts at ii.one amperes) than the Battery Charging Specification allows—the iPad is one such device;[109] it negotiates the current pull with data pin voltages.[55] Barnes & Noble Nook Colour devices too crave a special charger that runs at 1.nine amperes.[110]

PoweredUSB [edit]

PoweredUSB is a proprietary extension that adds iv pins supplying up to 6 A at 5 5, 12 V, or 24 Five. It is ordinarily used in point of sale systems to power peripherals such as barcode readers, credit card terminals, and printers.

  • The Micro-USB interface is commonly establish on chargers for mobile phones.

  • Australian and New Zealand power receptacle with USB charger receptacle

  • Y-shaped USB 3.0 cable; with such a cable, a device can draw power from ii USB ports simultaneously.

  • A small device that provides voltage and current readouts for devices charged over USB

  • This USB ability meter additionally provides a charge readout (in mAh) and information logging.

  • USB-powered mini fans

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What Does Usb Micro Data Cable Look Like,

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USB_hardware

Posted by: gilbertformem.blogspot.com

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